英语基础语法大总结:代词,我们知道代词(pronoun)就是指那些可以代替名词、短语或句子的一种词类,具有名词和形容词的功能。如 A: May I help you? 需要我的帮助吗? B: Come in, please. 请进。 这两句对话中I就是代词中的人称代词。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、疑问代词、指示代词、相互代词、关系代词、连接代词、不定代词和替代词。
人称代词
人称代词是指直接指代人或者事物的代词。人称代词包括以下这些:文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/pronouns.html
人称/数格
|
单数 | 复数 | ||
主格 | 宾格 | 主格 | 宾格 | |
第一人称 | I | me | we | us |
第二人称 | you | you | you | you |
第三人称 | he, she, it | him, her, it | they | them |
物主代词
数/类别/人称
|
单数 | 复数 | ||
形容词性 | 名词性 | 形容词性 | 名词性 | |
第一人称 | my | mine | our | ours |
第二人称 | your | yours | your | yours |
第三人称 | his, her, its | his, hers, its | their | theirs |
反身代词
数/人称
|
第一人称 | 第二人称 | 第三人称 |
单数 | myself | yourself | himself, herself, itself |
复数 | ourselves | yourselves | themselves |
疑问代词
疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用,用来构成疑问句。疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前,没有性和数的变化,除who之外也没有宾格的变化。what, which, whose还可作限定词。疑问代词有下列几个:what, who, whose, whom, which, whatever, whichever ,whoever, whomever.文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/pronouns.html
指示代词
指示代词(demonstrative pronoun)是表示指示概念的代词,即用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。指示代词与定冠词和人称代词一样,都具有指定的含义,用来起指示作用,或用来代替前面已提到过的名词。指示代词有 this , that , these , those , such , same. 指示代词既可作限定词又可做代词。文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/pronouns.html
如限定词:文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/pronouns.html
- This girl is Mary.
- Those men are my teachers.
代词:文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/pronouns.html
- This is Mary.
- Those are my teachers.
相互代词
相互代词(reciprocal pronoun)就是表示相互关系的代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形式。在当代英语中,each other和one another没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语,定语。作定语用时,相互代词用所有格形式。文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/pronouns.html
例句:文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/pronouns.html
- We should learn from each other / one another. (作宾语)
- Do you often write to each other / one another? (作宾语)
- We often borrow each other's / one another's books. (作定语)
- The students corrected each other's / one another's mistakes in their homework. (作定语)
关系代词
关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 。它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/pronouns.html
例如:
- I hate people who talk much but do little.
- 我讨厌说得多而做得少的人。
- I’m looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter.
- 我正在看你信里寄给我的照片。
- With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies.
- 他用积蓄的钱继续学习。
- Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?
- 你认识正在与校长会面的那位女士吗?
连接代词
疑问代词在引起从句时,都称为连接代词。连接代词主要有who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever等。连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问之外,也可指陈述。
例句:
- It is clear enough what she meant.
- 她是什么意思很清楚。(主语从句)
- I don’t care what they think.
- 他们怎么想我不管。(宾语从句)
- The question is who(m) we should trust.
- 问题是我们应当相信谁。(表语从句)
- Wherever you go, whatever you do, I will be right here waiting for you.
- 无论你去哪里,无论你做了什么,我都会在这里等你。(状语从句)
- Tell him what to do.
- 告诉他怎样做。(连代词引起不定式)
- Lucy can’t decide which to choose.
- 露西不能决定选哪个好。(连代词引起不定式)
不定代词
不定代词(Indefinite Pronouns)指的是不确定的、非特指的代词。不定代词包括some, any, no, both, all, either, neither等和由some, any, no与one, body, thing构成的复合不定代词,如:someone, anybody, nothing等。
有关不定代词的详情,请浏览:不定代词
替代词
替代词就是指用来替代前面已经出现过的名词。使句子看起来简洁明了。常用的替代词如it, one, ones, that, those等。
例句:
- I lost my old camera; this is a new one.
- 我的旧相机丢了,这是一架新的。(替代表泛指的单数名词)
- The weather here is too cold. I don’t like it.
- 这儿的天气太冷了,我不喜欢这儿的天气。(it在此就指前面提到的the weather)
- Hard beds are healthier than soft ones.
- 硬板床比软床有利于健康。(替代表泛指的复数名词)
- I’d like to try on those shoes. The ones at the front of the window.
- 我想试试那双鞋子。橱窗里前边的那一双。(替代表特指的复数名词)
代词表格
单数 | 复数 | ||||||
第一人称 | 第二人称 | 第三人称 | 第一人称 | 第二人称 | 第三人称 | ||
人称代词 | 主格 | I | you | he, she, it | we | you | they |
宾格 | me | you | him, her, it | us | you | them | |
物主代词 | 形容词性 | my | your | his, her, its | our | your | their |
名词性 | mine | yours | his, hers, its | ours | yours | theirs | |
反身代词 | myself | yourself | himself, herself, itself | ourselves | yourselves | themselves | |
指示代词 | this, that | these, those | |||||
相互代词 | 宾格 | each other | one another | ||||
所有格 | each other's | one another's | |||||
不定代词 | 可数 | each, one, many,(a) few, both, another, either, neither | |||||
不可数 | much,(a) little | ||||||
可数、不可数 | all, some, none, such, any, other | ||||||
复合 | anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, someone, something, nobody, nothing, everybody, everyone, everything | ||||||
疑问代词 | who, whom, whose, which, what | ||||||
连接代词 | who(ever),whom(ever),whose(ever),which(ever),what(ever) | ||||||
关系代词 | who, whom, whose, which, that, as |
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