双语阅读：美国众议院将启动对特朗普的弹劾调查

如果想提高英语的学习水平，坚持双语阅读是非常重要也非常好的习惯，尤其是有质量的外刊。今天的这篇文章来自于纽约时报，是关于特朗普最近可能会面临被弹劾的内容，里面有些英语词汇还是非常值得大家学习的，我们来看看这篇文章。可能的话，大家可以做个生词笔记，以便后续复习。

Washington — Speaker Nancy Pelosi announced on Tuesday that the House would begin a formal impeachment inquiry of President Trump, saying that he had betrayed ¹ his oath of office and the nation’s security in seeking to enlist a foreign power for his own political gain.文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/nancy-pelosi-announces-formal-impeachment-inquiry-of-trump.html

1.betrayed文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/nancy-pelosi-announces-formal-impeachment-inquiry-of-trump.html

• v. 出卖，背叛

来看一个来自大西洋月刊的例子：文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/nancy-pelosi-announces-formal-impeachment-inquiry-of-trump.html

• His reasoning betrays a sense that, at the end of the day, star power more so than parity is what makes sports interesting to follow. — Kevin Craft, The Atlantic, "The Thrilling Unpredictability of Women’s Tennis," 3 Sep. 2019
• 他的推理背叛了一种感觉，最终明星的力量比平权更能让体育运动变得有趣。

华盛顿——美国众议院议长南希·佩洛西(Nancy Pelosi)周二宣布，众议院将启动对特朗普总统的正式弹劾调查，称他为自己的政治利益寻求外国势力的支持，背叛了就职誓言和国家安全。文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/nancy-pelosi-announces-formal-impeachment-inquiry-of-trump.html

“The actions taken to date by the president have seriously violated ² the Constitution,” she said after emerging from a meeting of House Democrats in the basement of the Capitol. Mr. Trump, she said, “must be held accountable — no one is above the law.”文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/nancy-pelosi-announces-formal-impeachment-inquiry-of-trump.html

2.violated文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/nancy-pelosi-announces-formal-impeachment-inquiry-of-trump.html

• vt. 违反, 违背
• 亵渎
• 侵犯, 妨碍

来看一个来自华盛顿邮报的例子：文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/nancy-pelosi-announces-formal-impeachment-inquiry-of-trump.html

• Those were scrapped in 2015, after the World Trade Organization determined that the restrictions violated trade rules. — Washington Post, "Rare Earths, the U.S.-China Trade War and Your Phone," 18 Sep. 2019
• 在世界贸易组织认定这些限制违反了贸易规则后，这些限制在2015年被取消。

“总统迄今所采取的行动严重违反了宪法，”她在国会大厦地下室与众议院民主党人会面结束后说。她表示，特朗普“必须承担责任——没有人可以凌驾于法律之上”。文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/nancy-pelosi-announces-formal-impeachment-inquiry-of-trump.html

文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/nancy-pelosi-announces-formal-impeachment-inquiry-of-trump.html

The announcement was a stunning development that unfolded ³ after months of caution by House Democrats, who have been divided over using the ultimate remedy to address what they have called flagrant ⁴ misconduct by the president. It ushered in the beginning of a remarkable new chapter in American political life, with the potential to cleave an already divided nation, reshape Mr. Trump’s presidency and the country’s politics, and create heavy risks both for him and for the Democrats who have decided to weigh his removal. Mr. Trump could become only the fourth president in American history to face impeachment. Presidents Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton were both impeached but later acquitted ⁵ by the Senate. President Richard M. Nixon resigned in the face of a looming ⁶ House impeachment vote.文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/nancy-pelosi-announces-formal-impeachment-inquiry-of-trump.html

3.unfolded

• 展开的;解开的

4.flagrant

• adj. 非常的；公然的；不能容忍的；恶名昭著的（名词flagrancy，副词flagrantly）

来看一个来自今日美国的例子：

• In a summer league game against the Boston Celtics, Allen got entangled with Celtics rookie Grant Williams and forcefully pushed him off of a back screen to draw his first flagrant foul. — Scott Gleeson, USA TODAY, "Grayson Allen ejected for two blatant flagrant fouls - reminiscent of his Duke tripping days," 11 July 2019
• 在与波士顿凯尔特人队的夏季联赛中，艾伦和凯尔特人新秀Grant Williams纠缠在一起，有力地把他推下了后场，从而造成了他的第一次公然犯规。

5.acquitted

• vt. 宣判…无罪
• 使(自己)作出某种表现

再来看一个华盛顿邮报的例子：

• The judge will rule Nov. 11 on whether to acquit him or call his defense. — Washington Post, "Malaysia ex-PM use ‘elaborate’ plan to loot fund: prosecutor," 28 Aug. 2019
• 法官将于11月11日裁定是判他无罪还是为他辩护。

6.looming

• adj. 隐隐约约的；正在逼近的

关联例子：

• The foothills were looming ahead through the haze.
• 丘陵地带透过薄雾朦胧地出现在眼前。

这番表态是众议院民主党人数月来谨言慎行之后的一个惊人转变，对于是否使用这一终极补救措施应对他们所谓总统明目张胆的不当行为，民主党一直存在分歧。此举开启了美国政治生活一个非同寻常的新篇章，可能会割裂一个分歧深重的国家，重塑特朗普的总统任期和这个国家的政治，并给总统及决定权衡是否让他下台的民主党人带来重重风险。特朗普可能成为美国现代史上第四位面临弹劾的总统。此前安德鲁·约翰逊(Andrew Johnson)和比尔·克林顿(Bill Clinton)都曾遭到弹劾，但被参议院宣判无罪。理查德·M·尼克松(Richard M. Nixon)在众议院举行弹劾表决前辞职。

At issue are allegations that Mr. Trump pressured the president of Ukraine to open a corruption investigation of former Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr., a leading contender for the Democratic presidential nomination, and his son. The conversation is said to be part of a whistle-blower complaint that the Trump administration has withheld ⁷ from Congress.

7.withheld

• vt. 保留，不给；抑制；隐瞒

关联例子：

• On the other, power lies in the consumer’s ability to withhold capital. — Adam Wilson, Harper's magazine, "Good Bad Bad Good," 16 Sep. 2019
• 另一方面，权力在于消费者保留资本的能力

这里注意区分：withhold和keep,retain,reserve,preserve,conserve的区别

有指控称，特朗普向乌克兰总统施压，对民主党总统提名的主要竞争者、前副总统小约瑟夫·R·拜登(Joseph R. Biden Jr.)和他的儿子展开贪腐调查。谈话内容据信是特朗普政府向国会隐瞒的一个举报的一部分。

Mr. Trump said on Tuesday that he would authorize the release of a transcript of the conversation, practically daring Democrats to try to find an impeachable offense in a conversation that he has called “perfect.” But Democrats, after months of holding back, demanded the full whistle-blower complaint, even as they pushed toward an expansive impeachment inquiry that could encompass ⁸ unrelated charges.

8.encompass

• vt. 围绕;包围

看一个来自财富杂志的例子：

• Cheese and dairy is the umbrella of this business unit, and then above that is the refrigerated business unit that encompasses cheese and meats. — Mckenna Moore, Fortune, "How This Harvard Grad Found a Job in the Natural Cheese Business at Kraft Heinz," 5 Sep. 2019
• 奶酪和乳制品是该业务部门的保护伞，然后是包含奶酪和肉类的冷藏业务部门。

特朗普周二表示，他将授权公布谈话记录，这等于是对民主党人在他形容为“完美”的谈话中设法找到弹劾内容的挑衅。但民主党人在数月的克制之后，要求看到完整的检举内容，尽管他们正在推动一项可能包括不相关指控的大范围弹劾调查。

“The actions of the Trump presidency revealed dishonorable facts of the president’s betrayal of his oath of office, betrayal of our national security and betrayal of the integrity of our elections,” Ms. Pelosi said.

“特朗普总统的行为暴露出一些不光彩事实，表明总统背叛了他的就职誓言，背叛了我们的国家安全，也背叛了选举的公正性，”佩洛西说。

The president, in New York for several days of international diplomacy at the United Nations, issued a defiant response on Twitter, in a series of fuming posts that culminated with a simple phrase: “PRESIDENTIAL HARASSMENT!”

正在纽约参加为期数日的联合国国际外交活动的总统，发推作出了挑衅性回应，以一句简单的“总统骚扰！”作为一系列怒不可遏的推文的结束。

“Such an important day at the United Nations, so much work and so much success, and the Democrats purposely ⁹ had to ruin and demean it with more breaking news Witch Hunt garbage,” Mr. Trump wrote. “So bad for our Country!

9.purposely

• adv. 故意地;蓄意地

关联例子：

• They were expected to help prop up a purposely sagging team with a veneer of respectability. — Dave Hyde, sun-sentinel.com, "Hyde: And now here come the Patriots — what (more) could go wrong for Dolphins? | Commentary," 14 Sep. 2019
• 他们被期望用体面的外表来帮助一支有意衰弱的队伍。

这里注意区分：purposely和advisedly, consciously, deliberately, resignedly的区别

“这是在联合国如此重要的一天，做了如此多的工作，取得了如此大的成功，而民主党人却蓄意要用更多耸人听闻的政治迫害垃圾新闻来破坏和贬损这一天，”特朗普写道。“对我们的国家影响太坏！”

Ms. Pelosi said she had directed the chairmen of the six committees that have been investigating Mr. Trump to “proceed under that umbrella of impeachment inquiry.” In a closed-door meeting earlier in the day, she said the panels would put together their best cases on potentially impeachable offenses by the president and send them to the Judiciary Committee, according to two officials familiar with the conversation. That could potentially lay the groundwork for articles of impeachment based on the findings.

佩洛西表示，她已指示一直在调查特朗普的六个委员会主席“在弹劾调查的框架之下展开它们的调查”。据两名知情官员透露，在当天早些时候的一次闭门会议上，佩洛西表示专门小组将汇集可能用于弹劾总统不当行为的最好实例，并提交给众议院司法委员会(Judiciary Committee)。这可能会为基于调查结果的弹劾内容奠定基础。

The decision to begin a formal impeachment inquiry does not necessarily mean that the House will ultimately vote to charge Mr. Trump with high crimes and misdemeanors — much less that the Republican-controlled Senate will vote to remove him. But Ms. Pelosi and her leadership would not initiate the process unless they were prepared to reach that outcome.

启动正式弹劾调查，并不等于众议院最终会投票决定起诉特朗普犯有重罪或行为失检，更不用说共和党控制的参议院会投票罢免他了。但佩洛西和她的领导层若是没有做好弹劾准备，是不会启动这一程序的。

Ms. Pelosi met privately on Tuesday with the leaders of the six key committees involved in investigations of Mr. Trump, and later huddled with the full Democratic caucus. Her announcement came amid a groundswell in favor of impeachment among Democrats that has intensified since late last week, with lawmakers from every corner of her caucus lining up in favor of using the House’s unique power to charge Mr. Trump if the allegations are proved true, or if his administration continues to stonewall attempts by Congress to investigate them.

周二，佩洛西私下会见了参与特朗普调查的六个关键委员会的领导人，之后又与民主党全体党团成员会面。与此同时，自从上周晚些时候开始，民主党支持弹劾的呼声高涨，来自党团各方面的议员纷纷支持，如果指控得以证实，或者如果他的政府继续阻挠国会的调查努力，他们将利用众议院的独特权力来起诉特朗普。

The House Judiciary Committee has been conducting its own impeachment investigation focused on the findings of the special counsel, Robert S. Mueller III, as well as allegations that Mr. Trump may be illegally profiting from spending by state and foreign governments and other matters. But that inquiry has never gotten the imprimatur of a full House vote or the full rhetorical backing of the speaker, as Democrats remained divided about the wisdom and political implications of impeaching a president without broader public support.

众议院司法委员一直在进行自己的弹劾调查，他们关注的重点是特别检察官罗伯特·S·穆勒三世(Robert S. Mueller III)的调查结果，以及特朗普可能从州政府和外国政府的支出及其他事项中非法受益的指控。但这项调查从未获得众议院全体投票的批准，也从未得到这位议长的口头全力支持，因为民主党对于缺乏广泛公众支持的情况下弹劾总统是否明智，以及它所带来的政治影响，仍然存在分歧。

Now, after the revelation of a conversations between Mr. Trump and President Volodymyr Zelensky of Ukraine in which Mr. Trump pressed the foreign leader to investigate the Bidens, a cascading flood of Democrats has come out in favor of a formal impeachment proceeding.

现在，在特朗普与乌克兰总统弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基(Volodymyr Zelensky)的对话曝光后，大批民主党人公开支持正式的弹劾程序。在那次交谈中，特朗普敦促这名外国领导人对拜登夫妇展开调查。

The shift in outlook among Democratic lawmakers has been rapid, and could yet still turn away from impeachment if exculpatory evidence comes to light. The developments that have turned the tide began less that two weeks ago, when Representative Adam B. Schiff of California, the Intelligence Committee chairman, first revealed the existence of a secret whistle-blower complaint that the intelligence community’s internal watchdog ¹⁰ had deemed “urgent” and credible but that the Trump administration had refused to share with Congress.

10.watchdog

• n. 看门狗；监察人；忠实的看守人

来看一个来自经济学人杂志的例子：

• More often, European rules are transposed into each country’s law and applied by national watchdogs. — The Economist, "The economic policy at the heart of Europe is creaking," 12 Sep. 2019
• 更常见的是，欧洲的规则被转换成每个国家的法律，并由国家监管机构实施。

民主党议员对前景展望的转变向来是很快的，如果有脱罪证据出现，他们仍有可能放弃弹劾。扭转乾坤的事态发展始于不到两周前，当时，情报委员会主席、加州众议员亚当·B·希夫(Adam B. Schiff)首先披露，目前存在一个情报部门的内部监督机构认为“紧急”和可信的秘密检举，但特朗普政府拒绝与国会分享。

Democrats have given Joseph Maguire, the acting director of national intelligence, until Thursday to turn over the whistle-blower complaint or risk reprisal. And they have threatened to subpoena the Trump administration for a copy of the transcript of the president’s call with Mr. Zelensky and other relevant documents after Thursday if they are not shared voluntarily.

民主党要求国家情报代总监约瑟夫·马奎尔(Joseph Maguire)在周四之前交出举报人的投诉，否则会采取报复行动。他们威胁，如果不主动分享，他们将传唤特朗普政府，索要总统与泽连斯基的通话记录以及其他相关文件的副本。

There were also indications the whistle-blower might not wait around for the complaint to be disclosed. Democrats said on Tuesday that a lawyer for the whistle-blower had informed the committee his client wanted to speak with the House and Senate intelligence panels, and had requested directions from the office of the director of national intelligence on how to do so.

还有迹象表明，举报人可能不会等到投诉被披露。民主党人周二表示，该举报人的一名律师通知他们，他的当事人希望与参众两院的情报委员会对话，并且已经要求情报总监办公室就此给出指示。

Though it has attracted much less fanfare, the Senate Intelligence Committee intends to meet privately with the inspector general and Mr. Maguire this week to discuss the whistle-blower complaint.

虽然一直低调，但参议院情报委员会计划本周与监察长和马圭尔私下会面，讨论举报人的投诉。

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