市场结构(Market structure)
四种一般的市场类型是完全竞争、垄断、垄断竞争和寡头垄断。一个市场的结构依赖于买者和卖者的数量以及产品差别的大小。指特定市场中的竞争程度和公司之间的相互关系。它涉及到市场上存在的公司数量、产品的差异化程度、市场进入和退出的障碍、买卖双方的市场力量以及市场上的定价行为等因素。市场结构对于产业竞争和市场运作方式有着重要的影响。
- In the airline industry, market structure varies across different routes. For example, on popular and highly competitive routes such as London to New York, multiple airlines operate, offering a range of choices to passengers. This represents a more competitive market structure, where airlines strive to differentiate themselves through pricing, service quality, and additional amenities. In contrast, on less-traveled routes or in remote areas, a single airline may have a monopoly or a dominant market position. In such cases, the market structure is characterized by limited competition, allowing the dominant airline to have more control over pricing and service levels.
- 在航空业中,市场结构在不同航线上有所不同。例如,在伦敦至纽约等热门且竞争激烈的航线上,有多家航空公司提供服务,为乘客提供多样选择。这代表了一个更具竞争力的市场结构,航空公司通过定价、服务质量和附加设施等方面努力实现差异化。相比之下,在少旅客航线或偏远地区,可能只有一家航空公司垄断或占据主导地位。在这种情况下,市场结构呈现出有限竞争的特点,使得主导航空公司能够对价格和服务水平有更多控制权。
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