词汇辨析：efficient, effective, proficient的区别？如何理解-西贝博客

17/09/2019单词辨析评论62,325,2191字数 2585阅读8分37秒阅读模式

摘要

纽约时报双语精读：进口仿制药的出路来了，我们看到有个单词“effectiveness”，这个单词以名词性后缀“-ness”结尾，在这里是“有效、有力”的意思，但是，这个词去掉后缀“-ness”以后，就变成了一个形容词，这个时候，这个词的意思就成了“effective”，意思也就变成了“有效的、生效的”，在这个英语词汇的变化上，我们前面还见过，例如：

单词辨析：alternative, choice, preference, option, selection, election的区别文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-efficient-effective-proficient.html

这些单词其实都不难，需要大家认真分析，总结规律，我前面也曾经给大家分享过：如何提高英语词汇量？告诉你提高词汇量的40个小方法文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-efficient-effective-proficient.html

西贝君来给大家讲讲efficient, effective, proficient的区别：文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-efficient-effective-proficient.html

👉🏿 文章目录：

相同之处

这三个词都是形容词。文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-efficient-effective-proficient.html

不同之处

efficient

Efficient most often describes what is capable of producing desired results without wasting materials, time, or energy. While the word can be applied to both people and things, it is far more commonly applied to things, such as machines, systems, processes, and organizations. The focus of the word is on how little is wasted or lost while the desired results are produced.文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-efficient-effective-proficient.html

意思是说：在生产生活过程中不需要浪费材料、时间和资源，就可以完成既定任务，形容人或者物均可，但多数情况下与机械设备匹配，例如：机器、系统、生产流程和组织机构等，提高工作效率。文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-efficient-effective-proficient.html

adj. 有能力的, 效率高的

来看一个来自CNN的例子：文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-efficient-effective-proficient.html

That would require better supercapacitors that can deliver more power longer while still retaining the benefits of rapid, efficient energy transfer.— Peter Valdes-dapena, CNN, "Lamborghini's new tech could revolutionize electric supercars," 11 Sep. 2019
这将需要更好的超级电容器，可以提供更多的电力更长的时间，同时仍然保持快速，高效的能源转移的好处。

effective

Effective typically describes things—such as policies, treatments, arguments, and techniques—that do what they are intended to do. People can also be described as effective when they accomplish what they set out to accomplish, but the word is far more often applied to things.文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-efficient-effective-proficient.html

主要意思是说：多数描述事情，例如：政策、方案、论证或者技巧等能够促成事务进展。形容人的时候主要是说该人可以有效地完成事务，多数情况下形容物。文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-efficient-effective-proficient.html

adj. 有效的; 生效的

我们来看一个例子：文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-efficient-effective-proficient.html

As expected, the Beavers were more effective on offense.— Gary Horowitz For The Oregonian/oregonlive, oregonlive, "Neither Oregon State’s defense nor an elevator malfunction can stop Oklahoma State’s offense," 31 Aug. 2019
不出所料，海狸的进攻更加有效。

proficient

adj. 精通的, 熟练的

Proficient typically describes people, and it often is followed by the preposition at. If you are proficient at something, you are very good at it. You are, in fact, so good at doing it that you are unusually efficient when you do it. One can also be proficient in something, such as a language.

意思是说：主要用于形容人，可以熟练进行某件事。如果你精通某事，也就意味着你会做的很好。实际上，如果你不擅长做某件事，可能效率也不会高。一个人可以在某一方面是可以很精通的，比如：语言。

来看一个国家评论杂志的例子：

Nationwide, in 2017 only 13 percent of black eighth-graders were proficient in mathematics, while more than half did not achieve the basic skill level.— Robert Cherry, National Review, "The Case for More Occupational Training," 25 July 2019
在全国范围内，2017年只有13%的黑人八年级学生精通数学，而超过一半的学生没有达到基本技能水平。