孔夫子的《大道之行也》文言文、中文及英语翻译

《大道之行也》出自西汉礼学家戴圣编著的《礼记》。《礼运》实际上则反映了儒家的政治思想和历史观点，尤其是书中的“大同”思想，对历代政治家，改革家都有深刻的影响。康有为为《礼运》作注，在注解中发挥了他有关变法维新的政治主张。文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/confucius-liyun-the-conveyance-of-rites.html

《礼记》全书用散文写成，一些篇章具有相当的文学价值。有的用短小的生动故事阐明某一道理，有的气势磅礴、结构谨严，有的言简意赅、意味隽永，有的擅长心理描写和刻划，书中还收有大量富有哲理的格言、警句，精辟而深刻。文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/confucius-liyun-the-conveyance-of-rites.html

古文原文

大道之行也，天下为公，选贤与能，讲信修睦。文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/confucius-liyun-the-conveyance-of-rites.html

故人不独亲其亲，不独子其子，使老有所终，壮有所用，幼有所长，矜、寡、孤、独、废疾者皆有所养，男有分，女有归。文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/confucius-liyun-the-conveyance-of-rites.html

货恶其弃于地也，不必藏于己；力恶其不出于身也，不必为己。文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/confucius-liyun-the-conveyance-of-rites.html

是故谋闭而不兴，盗窃乱贼而不作，故外户而不闭，是谓大同。文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/confucius-liyun-the-conveyance-of-rites.html

中文翻译

在大道施行的时候，天下是人们所共有的，把品德高尚的人、能干的人选拔出来，讲求诚信，培养和睦（气氛）。文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/confucius-liyun-the-conveyance-of-rites.html

所以人们不单奉养自己的父母，不单抚育自己的子女，要使老年人能终其天年，中年人能为社会效力，让年幼的孩子有可以健康成长的地方，让老而无妻的人、老而无夫的人、幼而无父的人、老而无子的人、残疾人都能得到社会的供养，男子有职务，女子有归宿。文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/confucius-liyun-the-conveyance-of-rites.html

对于财货，人们憎恨把它扔在地上的行为，却不一定要自己私藏；人们都愿意为公众之事竭尽全力，而不一定为自己谋私利。文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/confucius-liyun-the-conveyance-of-rites.html

因此奸邪之谋不会发生，盗窃、造反和害人的事情不发生。所以大门都不用关上了，这叫做理想社会。

汉英对译

大道之行也，天下为公

When the great way prevails, the world is equally shared by all.

选贤与能

The talent and virtue are elected.

讲信修睦

Mutual confidence was emphasized and brotherhood was cultivated.

故人不独亲其亲，不独子其子

Therefore, people regard all parents as their own, and treat all children as their own.

始老有所终，壮有所用，幼有所长

The elders can live in happiness, the adults are employed by their talent, the youths can grow and educate.

鳏、寡、孤、独、废疾者皆有所养

Widows and widowers, orphans, childless, ills and invalids are all well taken care of.

男有分，女有归

Men and women all have an appropriate role in the society and family.

货恶其弃於地也，不必藏於己

Nature resources were fully used for the benefit of all, and not appropriated for selfish ends.

力恶其不出於身也，不必为己

People contribute their ability to society and not for the private gain.

是故谋闭而不兴，盗窃乱贼而不作

Thus evil scheming is repressed, and crimes fail to arise.

故外户而不闭，是谓大同

So the doors do not have to be shut. This is called "the Age of Great Harmony".

英语译文全文

When the way of virtue and justice prevailed, the whole world was one community.Then nobody was promoted but those of worth and talent. No doctrines were taught but those of sincerity and harmony, and they were followed in moral cultivation. Thus men did not love only their own parents or treat only their own sons as their children.

A life-long provision was made for the aged; employment was found for the able-bodied and, for the young, an environment in which they could mature. Widows, orphans, childless men and those disabled by disease were sufficiently provided for. Males had their proper work, and females their homes.

They did not like to throw things away on the ground but kept them, not necessarily for their gratification so that they might share them with others. They did not happily enjoy things which they had not paid for by their own efforts, and did not work simply for their own good. Therefore exploitation was suppressed. There were no robbers, tricksters, rebels or traitors. The outer doors remained open. This is what was meant by the “Universal Harmony”.