在双语阅读美国众议院将启动对特朗普的弹劾调查的文章中，我们认识了英语单词“Withhold”是“保留，不给；抑制；隐瞒”的意思，但还有这几个单词：keep, retain, reserve, preserve, conserve，在使用上有些相同点，你知道怎么区分这几个单词吗？今天西贝君来给大家聊一聊。
相同之处
当动词用时，这几个单词都有“保持，保存”的意思。文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-withhold-keep-retain-reserve.html
不同之处
- withhold：指扣住不放，暗示有阻碍；
- keep：最常用词，指长时间牢固地保持或保存；
- retain：指继续保持；
- reserve：正式用词，指为了将来的用途或其他用途而保存、保留；
- preserve：主要指为防止损害、变质等而保存；
- conserve：一般指保存自然资源，保全人的精力、力量等；
- withhold：指扣住不放，暗示有阻碍。
我们来具体看看这几个单词在用法上的差异：文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-withhold-keep-retain-reserve.html
withhold
- vt. 保留，不给；抑制；隐瞒
- vi. 忍住；克制
来看一个来自洛杉矶时报的例子：文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-withhold-keep-retain-reserve.html
- Names of those missing and dead are being withheld pending next-of-kin notifications.— Dakota Smith, Los Angeles Times, "California boat fire: ‘Devastating. Tragic.’ Frantic family and friends await answers," 2 Sep. 2019失踪者和死者的姓名被扣留，等待亲属通知。
- 失踪者和死者的姓名被扣留，等待亲属通知。
keep
- vt. & vi. & link v. (使)保持; (使)继续
- vi. (食品)保持新鲜
- vt. 保有, 保存, 保留
- 阻止, 防止, 耽搁
- 履行, 遵守
关联例子：文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-withhold-keep-retain-reserve.html
- The relocation will save money, and allow for more flexibility as Belfort keeps going.— BostonGlobe.com, "Bruce C. Bolling Municipal Building," 17 Sep. 2019
- 搬迁将节省资金，并使贝尔弗里继续保持更大的灵活性。
文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-withhold-keep-retain-reserve.html
retain
- vt. 保持；雇；记住
来看一个来自今日美国的例子：文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-withhold-keep-retain-reserve.html
- The Texans retain decent value at +105 to cover the +6.5 points.— Esten Mclaren, USA TODAY Sportsbook Wire, "Houston Texans at New Orleans Saints odds, picks and best bets," 6 Sep. 2019
- 德州人的保留体面价值在+105，以涵盖+6.5点。
reserve
- vt. 保留[储备]某物
- 具有或保持(某种权利)
- 预订或保留(座位、住处等); 订购
来看一个来自纽约时报的例子：文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-withhold-keep-retain-reserve.html
- According to Indian law, seats on such scientific panels are reserved for independent experts, a point highlighted in a letter that Mr. Srivastava of the India Resource Center recently sent to the food authority.— Andrew Jacobs, New York Times, "A Shadowy Industry Group Shapes Food Policy Around the World," 16 Sep. 2019
- 根据印度法律，这些科学小组的席位是为独立专家保留的，印度资源中心的斯里瓦斯塔瓦先生最近给粮食局的一封信强调了这一点。
preserve
- vt. 保存；保护；维持；禁猎；腌
来看一个来自国家地理杂志的例子：文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-withhold-keep-retain-reserve.html
- Dive into this incredible underwater ecosystem alongside marine biologists and conservationists to lend a hand in preserving at-risk habitats, and witness groundbreaking conservation initiatives in action.— National Geographic, "Baja and the Sea of Cortez Expedition: Marine Conservation," 15 Sep. 2019
- 与海洋生物学家和自然资源保护者一起潜入这个令人难以置信的水下生态系统，帮助保护处于危险中的栖息地，并见证开创性的保护行动。
conserve
- vt. 保存；将…做成蜜饯；使守恒
来看一个来自经济学人杂志的例子：文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-withhold-keep-retain-reserve.html
- By conserving some ecosystems and destroying others to make way for pastures and fields, or chopping down trees for timber, human activities on the land add an extra layer of complexity to already complex natural cycles.— The Economist, "Gloom from the climate-change front line," 10 Aug. 2019
- 通过保护一些生态系统和破坏其他物种，为牧场和农田让路，或者砍伐树木以获取木材，人类在陆地上的活动给原本复杂的自然循环增添了一层额外的复杂性。
怎么样？现在对这些单词的理解是不是深刻一点了呢？文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-withhold-keep-retain-reserve.html
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