我们在“职业规划”用英语怎么说,是occupational plan吗?我们学了一个新单词叫“career”,是“事业,职业;生涯”的意思,但是,这个词还和profession, job, occupation, trade, vocation, career, work, employment还有很多意思上相近的地方,到底中间存在什么样的差异吗?
西贝君通过这篇文章来给大家聊聊这几个词之间的差异:文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-career-profession-occupation-vocation-work.html
相同之处
这些词当名词用时,都有“职业”的意思。文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-career-profession-occupation-vocation-work.html
不同之处
- profession:以前常指要受过高等教育(尤指法律、医学和神学)才能获得的职业,现在一般指为谋生日的职业,尤指从事脑力劳动和受过专门训练,具有某种专业知识的职业;
- job:通常指一切有收入,不分脑力与体力运动,不论是否有技艺的长期或临时的职业;
- occupation:泛指任何一种职业,既不分什么行业,也不管是脑力还是体力劳动;
- trade:指需要有熟练技巧、技能和体力的职业;
- vocation:较正式用词,语气庄重,指长期从事,但不一定以此为主计的职业;
- career:指经过专门训练,终身愿意从事的职业;
- work:指任何种类的工作,也泛指职业;
- employment:指受雇于他人,领取工资以谋生计,有较固定工作的职业。
文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-career-profession-occupation-vocation-work.html
我们通过不同的例子来看看如何使用:文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-career-profession-occupation-vocation-work.html
profession
- n. 职业, 自由职业
- 同业, 同行
来看一个来自华盛顿邮报的例子:文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-career-profession-occupation-vocation-work.html
- But now the profession is coming to an existential moment.— Washington Post, "‘A golden prison’: In Brazil’s largest city, home security is a high-tech arms race," 9 July 2019
- 但现在这个职业正走向一个存在主义的时刻。
job
- n. 工作;职业
来看一个来自财富杂志的例子:文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-career-profession-occupation-vocation-work.html
- The company’s offer promised $7 billion in investment targeting eight plants in four different states, adding 5,400 jobs that would mostly be staffed with new hires.— David Welch, Fortune, "GM Strike Far From Ending as Stocks Plunge and Costs Mount," 16 Sep. 2019
- 该公司报价承诺投资70亿美元,目标是在四个不同州设立八家工厂,并新增5400个工作岗位,其中大部分将由新员工担任。
trade
- n. 贸易,交易;行业;职业
来看一个经济学人杂志的例子:文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-career-profession-occupation-vocation-work.html
- With global interest rates falling, trade wars raging and markets jittery, the months ahead may be tricky for banks and wealth managers everywhere.— The Economist, "Tidjane Thiam’s overhaul of Credit Suisse is paying off," 24 Aug. 2019
- 随着全球利率下降,贸易战肆虐,市场风声鹤唳,未来几个月对世界各地的银行和财富管理公司来说可能都很棘手。
occupation
- n. 工作; 职业
- 消遣
- 占领
关联例子:文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-career-profession-occupation-vocation-work.html
- Hintz, whose main occupation was at Milwaukee Plate Glass, was looking for something a little different to do.— Jim Riccioli, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, "Boomerangs Bar & Grill, a new sports bar, opens in downtown Waukesha," 3 Sep. 2019
- 欣茨的主要职业是在密尔沃基平板玻璃公司工作,他正在寻找一些与众不同的机会。
vocation
- n. 职业;行业
- 适合性, 才能
- 使命, 天职
- 神召,圣召
来看一个洛杉矶时报的例子:文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-career-profession-occupation-vocation-work.html
- Still, the more scientific understanding of fire science has shifted firefighting from a vocation to a profession.— Hillary Davis, latimes.com, "Fire Chief Chip Duncan to retire after 32 years serving Newport Beach," 12 July 2019
- 然而,对消防科学的更科学理解已经把消防从一种工作转变为一种职业。
career
- n. 事业,职业;生涯
来看一个来自今日美国的例子:文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-career-profession-occupation-vocation-work.html
- Among the new programming arriving on YouTube: a documentary launching Oct. 8 exploring the life and career of music icon Johnny Cash, and a 30-minute special timed to the anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall.— Brett Molina, USA TODAY, "YouTube to make future Originals programming free to watch," 29 Aug. 2019
- YouTube上的新节目包括:10月8日推出的探索音乐偶像约翰尼·卡什(Johnny Cash)生活和事业的纪录片,以及30分钟的柏林墙倒塌纪念日特别节目。
work
- n. 工作, 劳动, 作业
- 事业
- 工作成果, 产品
- 著作, 作品
- 工厂
- 功
关联例子:
- In return for their work, participants get annual park passes, guided hikes and more.— Emily Matchar, Smithsonian, "Take a Sabbatical to Help America’s National Parks," 17 Sep. 2019
- 作为对他们工作的回报,参与者每年都会获得公园通行卡、徒步旅行等。
employment
- n. 雇用, 就业
- 职业, 工作
- 使用, 运用
- 有益的活动
来看一个来自纽约时报的例子:
- And another thing to investigate individuals in order to embarrass them publicly and jeopardize their employment.— New York Times, "Trump Allies Target Journalists Over Coverage Deemed Hostile to White House," 25 Aug. 2019
- 另一件事是调查个人,以使他们公开难堪,从而影响他们的就业。
总结
由这些例子我们可以看出,虽然“职业”不同,但他们都是有“工作”的,这样理解起来就不那么难了,英语词汇学习过程就是这样一个思路方式,你只有把它们运用在实际例子的时候,才能够感受到这些词之间存在什么样的差异,以及如何去辨别它们。
更多单词辨析方面的内容,请看:
单词辨析:clue, cue, hint, inkling, intimation, lead的区别
单词辨析:effect, outcome, result, consequences, outcome的区别
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