在纽约时报双语阅读：为什么日本保守派不愿承认慰安妇问题的文章里，我们学习了英语单词“claim”，大家知道，这个单词当动词用的时候是“vt. 声称、断言、需要、值得”的意思，同时，这个单词和ask, beg, demand, require, request, implore, pray和entreat之间存在近义词的关系，它们之间的差异是什么呢？西贝君通过这篇单词辨析来跟大家聊聊。
相同之处
当这些单词当动词用时，都有“要求，请求”的意思。文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-claim-ask-beg-demand-require-request.html
不同之处
- claim：指有权或宣称有权得到而公开提出的要求；
- ask：最普通用词，指向对方提出要求或请求，长、晚辈，上下级之间都可使用；
- beg：指恳切地或再三地请求或要求，常含低三下四意味，也多用于应酬场合；
- demand：一般指理直气壮地提出强烈要求，或坚持不让对方拒绝的要求；
- require：强调根据事业、需要或纪律、法律等而提出的要求；
- request：正式用词，指非常正式，有礼貌的请求或恳求，多含担心因种种原因对方不能答应的意味；
- implore：书面用词，着重指迫切、焦急或痛苦地恳求或哀求，常含较强的感情色彩；
- pray：语气庄重，指热情、诚恳和敬祈的要求，现不很常用；
- entreat：泛指一般“恳求或哀求”，含企图说服对方或用热烈的请求软化反对意见的意味。
我们通过具体的例子来看看他们之间的差异：文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-claim-ask-beg-demand-require-request.html
claim
- vt. 声称, 断言
- (灾难等)使失踪或死亡
- 需要, 值得
- vt. & vi. 对…提出要求, 索取
- n. 主张, 断言
- 要求
来看一个来自今日美国的例子：文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-claim-ask-beg-demand-require-request.html
- Trump has also stood by denials from Israeli officials over claims that emerged last week that the country placed cellphone-surveillance devices near the White House.— Kim Hjelmgaard, USA TODAY, "It's Israel's election but here's why Donald Trump is the 'King of Israel'," 16 Sep. 2019
- 特朗普也支持以色列官员对上周出现的以色列在白宫附近放置手机监控设备的说法予以否认。
文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-claim-ask-beg-demand-require-request.html
ask
- vt. 问，询问；邀请；要求；需要；讨价
- vi. 要求；问，询问
来看一个来科学美国人的例子：文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-claim-ask-beg-demand-require-request.html
- Scientific American asked Rebecca Albright to weigh in.— Mark Fischetti, Scientific American, "Don’t Believe the Hype: The Pumice Raft Won’t Save the Great Barrier Reef," 30 Aug. 2019
- 科学美国人请丽贝卡·奥尔布赖特称体重。
beg
- vt. & vi. 乞讨, 乞求
- 请求, 恳求
再来看一个来自今日美国的例子：文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-claim-ask-beg-demand-require-request.html
- The moneyline on the Tigers is -230, which begs the question of whether the risk is worth the lesser reward.— Cameron Dasilva, USA TODAY Sportsbook Wire, "LSU Tigers at Texas Longhorns odds, picks and best bets," 5 Sep. 2019
- 老虎队的资金线是-230，这就引出了一个问题，即风险是否值得得到较低的回报。
demand
- vt. 要求
- 需要
- 想要知道, 查问
- n. 要求, 所需求之物
- 需求, 需要
来看一个来自经济学人杂志的例子：文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-claim-ask-beg-demand-require-request.html
- The autumn of our discontent In Britain opposition MPs demanded to return to work after Scotland’s highest court ruled that Parliament’s prorogation by the British government was unlawful.— The Economist, "Politics this week," 12 Sep. 2019
- 我们对英国反对派议员不满的秋天要求苏格兰最高法院裁定英国政府的议会是非法的。
require
- vt. 要求；需要；命令
来看一个来自CNN的例子：文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-claim-ask-beg-demand-require-request.html
- Such a pact may also require Israel to fight in American wars that have little to do with Israel's security, Yadlin said.— Oren Liebermann, CNN, "Trump may no longer be the gift that keeps on giving for Netanyahu," 16 Sep. 2019
- 亚德林说，这样的协议还可能要求以色列参加与以色列安全毫无关系的美国战争。
request
- n. 请求；需要
- vt. 要求，请求
来看一个来自科学美国人的例子：文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-claim-ask-beg-demand-require-request.html
- Scientists are really irrelevant at the EPA now, their input isn’t requested.— Oliver Milman, Scientific American, "The Silenced: Meet the Climate Whistle-Blowers Muzzled by the Trump Administration," 17 Sep. 2019
- 科学家们现在在环保署是无关紧要的，他们的输入不是要求的。
implore
- vt. 恳求或乞求(某人)
来看个来自洛杉矶时报的例子：文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-claim-ask-beg-demand-require-request.html
- So, on the heels of the riots, the organization implored the Los Angeles Times to hire a Korean-speaking reporter who would cover the community with thought and fairness.— Los Angeles Times, "K. Connie Kang, pioneering Korean American journalist, dies at 76," 18 Aug. 2019
- 因此，在暴乱之后，该组织恳求《洛杉矶时报》聘请一名会说韩语的记者，以深思熟虑和公正的态度报道社会。
pray
- vt. 祈祷；恳求；央求
- vi. 祈祷；恳求；请
来看一个来自国家地理杂志的例子：
- After the last day of Ramadan, Muslims celebrate Eid al-Fitr—three days of festivities where Muslims gather to pray, eat, exchange gifts, and pay their respects to deceased relatives.— Eslah Attar, National Geographic, "The sighting of the new crescent moon marks the start of Ramadan, the most sacred month in Islamic culture.," 12 June 2019
- 斋月结束的最后一天，穆斯林庆祝Eid al Fitr三天的庆祝活动，穆斯林聚集在那里祈祷、吃饭、交换礼物，并向已故亲属表示敬意。
entreat
- vt. 恳求,乞求
来看一个来自国家评论杂志的例子：
- Trump entreated black voters at numerous whistle stops.— Deroy Murdock, National Review, "Don’t Ignore Trump Unifying, Anti-Racist Rhetoric," 9 Aug. 2019
- 特朗普在无数哨声中恳求黑人选民。
在英语学习的过程中，单词辨析是不可或缺的一部分内容，最好的办法就是把它们放在一起去对比记忆，这样 才能在学习的过程中积累更多。看过这些例子以后，现在是不是清楚一点了呢？
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