英语学习过程中单词辨析这部分会在很大程度上困扰人的理解，尤其是对于二语习得的人来说，因为需要在辨别原母语的基础上去理解二语的某一个单词的意思，尤其是汉语，因为意思上存在某些程度上的意思不对等情况。比如今天这几个英语单词：Threats, danger, hazard, imminence, peril, pitfall, risk的区别，你知道它们之间的用法存在什么差异吗？西贝君来给大家聊聊。
相同之处
当名词用时，这些词都有“危险、威胁”的意思。文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-threats-danger-hazard-imminence.html
不同之处
- threat：普通用词，语气弱于menace，指任何公开侵犯对方的言行，给对方构成危险或威胁；
- danger：含义广，普通用词，指能够造成伤害、损害或不利的任何情况；
- risk：指有可能发生的危险，尤指主动进行某种活动或去碰运气而冒的危险；
- hazard比risk正式，多指偶然发生的或无法控制的危险，常含较严重或有一定风险的意味；
- menace：所指的危险性最严重，表示使用暴力或造成破坏性的可能；
- peril：指迫在眉睫很有可能发生的严重危险；
- imminence：迫切；急迫，危急；迫近的危险或祸患；
- pitfall：指的是“陷阱”。
我们通过具体的例子来看看：文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-threats-danger-hazard-imminence.html
threat
- n. 威胁, 恐吓
- 可能造成威胁的人[事, 想法]
- 恶兆, 兆头
来看一个来自洛杉矶时报的例子：文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-threats-danger-hazard-imminence.html
- Many of us who are not white have experiences of being under threat.— Sarah Parvini, Los Angeles Times, "Family separation and refugee cap reinvigorate Jews’ activist roots: ‘We’ve always been immigrants’," 17 Sep. 2019
- 我们中许多不是白人的人都有受到威胁的经历。
文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-threats-danger-hazard-imminence.html
danger
- n. 危险；危险物，威胁
来看一个来自时代周刊的例子：文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-threats-danger-hazard-imminence.html
- A decade ago, world leaders managed to cooperate their way out of danger during the financial crisis.— Ian Bremmer, Time, "Volatile Politics Rattle the Global Economy," 22 Aug. 2019
- 十年前，在金融危机期间，世界各国领导人设法合作走出危险。
risk
- n. 危险(性), 风险
- 引起危险的事物
来看一个来自国家评论杂志的例子：文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-threats-danger-hazard-imminence.html
- But if Kleck-style surveys have a high risk of overstating DGUs, the NCVS obviously produces an underestimate.— Robert Verbruggen, National Review, "Do Guns Help People Defend Themselves?," 12 Sep. 2019
- 但是，如果Kelk风格的调查具有过高的DGUS风险，NCV显然会产生低估。
hazard
- n. 危险; 公害
来看一个来自科学美国人的例子：文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-threats-danger-hazard-imminence.html
- The hazards are numerous, but the largest risk just might be weather.— Shannon Hall, Scientific American, "Marooned: Researchers Will Freeze Their Ship into Arctic Ocean Ice for a Year," 17 Sep. 2019
- 危险因素很多，但最大的风险可能就是天气。
menace
- n. 威胁；恐吓
来看一个来自华尔街日报的例子：文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-threats-danger-hazard-imminence.html
- Photo: Peter Nicholls/Reuters (Originally published Dec. 20, 2018) Arms makers are targeting the growing menace of drones at airports and on battlefields with a rush to develop new missile systems, radar jammers and laser cannons.— Robert Wall, WSJ, "Weapon Makers Declare War on Drones," 3 Mar. 2019
- 照片：彼得·尼科尔斯/路透社（最初于2018年12月20日出版）武器制造商正瞄准机场和战场上不断增长的无人机威胁，急于开发新的导弹系统、雷达干扰机和激光炮。
peril
- n. 危险；冒险
来看一个来自财富杂志的例子：文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-threats-danger-hazard-imminence.html
- Business leaders can no longer ignore the physical effects of climate change, at least not without peril.— Dickon Pinner, Fortune, "Earth to CEO: Your Company Is Already at Risk From Climate Change," 3 Sep. 2019
- 商业领袖们再也不能忽视气候变化的物理效应，至少没有危险。
imminence
- n. 迫切；急迫，危急；迫近的危险或祸患
来看一个来自华盛顿邮报的例子：文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/how-to-differ-words-threats-danger-hazard-imminence.html
- Despite the march’s imminence, the military council’s spokesman asked for more time to comment.— Max Bearak, Washington Post, "Sudan’s protesters dodge crackdowns before ‘million march’ against military rule," 30 June 2019
- 尽管游行迫在眉睫，但军事委员会发言人要求有更多时间发表评论。
pitfall
- n. (捕猎野兽用的)陷阱
在来看一个来自财富杂志的例子：
- Second, China has cannily avoided such pitfalls by being far more judicious in its tariff strategy.— Shawn Tully, Fortune, "Trump Thinks He Is Winning the Trade War. The Data Tell a Different Story," 16 Aug. 2019
- 其次，中国在关税策略方面更明智地避免了这样的陷阱。
看完这些单词辨析的例子有什么感受吗？是不是会觉得放在句子里更容易让人理解？
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