三、加大宏观政策实施力度，着力稳企业保就业
III．Forcefully implementing macro policies to keep businesses and employment stable文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/2020-report-on-the-work-of-the-government.html
保障就业和民生，必须稳住上亿市场主体，尽力帮助企业特别是中小微企业、个体工商户渡过难关。文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/2020-report-on-the-work-of-the-government.html
To ensure employment and people’s wellbeing, we must instill confidence in over one hundred million market entities; and we must do our utmost to help businesses, particularly MSMEs, and self-employed individuals get through this challenging time.文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/2020-report-on-the-work-of-the-government.html
加大减税降费力度。强化阶段性政策，与制度性安排相结合，放水养鱼，助力市场主体纾困发展。继续执行去年出台的下调增值税税率和企业养老保险费率政策，新增减税降费约5000亿元。前期出台6月前到期的减税降费政策，包括免征中小微企业养老、失业和工伤保险单位缴费，减免小规模纳税人增值税，免征公共交通运输、餐饮住宿、旅游娱乐、文化体育等服务增值税，减免民航发展基金、港口建设费，执行期限全部延长到今年年底。小微企业、个体工商户所得税缴纳一律延缓到明年。预计全年为企业新增减负超过2.5万亿元。要坚决把减税降费政策落到企业，留得青山，赢得未来。文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/2020-report-on-the-work-of-the-government.html
We will further cut taxes and fees.文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/2020-report-on-the-work-of-the-government.html
We will aggressively implement current policies in conjunction with institutional arrangements to create a more enabling environment and help market entities overcome difficulties and achieve development. We will continue implementing the policies introduced last year on lowering VAT rates and the share of employees’ basic old-age insurance paid by enterprises, and we will make further tax and fee cuts of about 500 billion yuan.文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/2020-report-on-the-work-of-the-government.html
The policies introduced early this year that are due to expire by June will all be extended till the end of the year. They include the following: exempting MSMEs from contributions to basic old-age insurance, unemployment insurance, and work injury compensation insurance schemes; reducing or cancelling VAT for small-scale taxpayers; exempting VAT on services such as public transportation, restaurants and hotels, tourism and entertainment, and culture and sports; and reducing or cancelling civil aviation development fund contributions and port development fees. The payment of corporate income taxes by micro and small businesses and self-employed individuals will be postponed to next year.文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/2020-report-on-the-work-of-the-government.html
We expect that these measures will see additional savings of more than 2.5 trillion yuan for enterprises throughout the year. All tax and fee reduction policies must be fully implemented for our businesses, so that they can sustain themselves and assure success for the future.文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/2020-report-on-the-work-of-the-government.html
推动降低企业生产经营成本。降低工商业电价5%政策延长到今年年底。宽带和专线平均资费降低15%。减免国有房产租金，鼓励各类业主减免或缓收房租，并予政策支持。坚决整治涉企违规收费。文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/2020-report-on-the-work-of-the-government.html
We will reduce enterprises’ production and operating costs.The policy of reducing electricity prices for general industrial and commercial businesses by 5 percent will be extended to the end of the year. The rates for broadband and dedicated internet access services will be cut by 15 percent on average. Rents for state-owned premises will be lowered or exempted, and all other types of property owners are encouraged to also reduce, waive, or defer rent payments, and they will receive policy support from the government in doing so. We will take firm steps to stop the unauthorized levy of fees on enterprises.文章源自西贝博客-https://qinghe.me/2020-report-on-the-work-of-the-government.html
强化对稳企业的金融支持。中小微企业贷款延期还本付息政策再延长至明年3月底，对普惠型小微企业贷款应延尽延，对其他困难企业贷款协商延期。完善考核激励机制，鼓励银行敢贷、愿贷、能贷，大幅增加小微企业信用贷、首贷、无还本续贷，利用金融科技和大数据降低服务成本，提高服务精准性。大幅拓展政府性融资担保覆盖面并明显降低费率。大型商业银行普惠型小微企业贷款增速要高于40%。促进涉企信用信息共享。支持企业扩大债券融资。加强监管，防止资金“空转”套利，打击恶意逃废债。金融机构与贷款企业共生共荣，鼓励银行合理让利。为保市场主体，一定要让中小微企业贷款可获得性明显提高，一定要让综合融资成本明显下降。
We will increase financial support to keep business operations stable.
The policy allowing MSMEs to postpone principal and interest repayments on loans will be further extended till the end of March next year—payments on all inclusive loans of micro and small businesses eligible for this policy should also be deferred, and other businesses facing financial difficulties can discuss similar terms with their creditors.
We will improve assessment and incentive mechanisms and give encouragement to banks to see that they are confident, willing and able to grant loans, make substantial increases to credit loans, first-time loans, and loan renewals without repayment of principal to micro and small businesses, and apply financial technology and big data to reduce service costs and make their services more targeted.
The scope of the government financing guaranty will be expanded and guaranty fees will be reduced significantly. Large commercial banks should increase inclusive finance lending to micro and small businesses by more than 40 percent. We will encourage the sharing of enterprises’ credit information. We will support enterprises in increasing bond financing.
We should tighten regulation, prevent funds from simply circulating in the financial sector for the sake of arbitrage, and crack down on debt evasion. As financial institutions and the businesses that borrow from them share a common stake, we encourage banks to make appropriate interest concessions. To support market entities, we must ensure that MSMEs have significantly better access to loans and that overall financing costs drop markedly.
千方百计稳定和扩大就业。加强对重点行业、重点群体就业支持。今年高校毕业生达874万人，要促进市场化社会化就业，高校和属地政府都要提供不断线的就业服务，扩大基层服务项目招聘。做好退役军人安置和就业保障。实行农民工在就业地平等享受就业服务政策。帮扶残疾人、零就业家庭等困难群体就业。我国包括零工在内的灵活就业人员数以亿计，今年对低收入人员实行社保费自愿缓缴政策，涉及就业的行政事业性收费全部取消，合理设定流动摊贩经营场所。资助以训稳岗拓岗，加强面向市场的技能培训，鼓励以工代训，共建共享生产性实训基地，今明两年职业技能培训3500万人次以上，高职院校扩招200万人，要使更多劳动者长技能、好就业。
We will make every effort to stabilize and expand employment.
We will increase employment support for key sectors and key groups. With 8.74 million college students graduating this year, we need to encourage market-based employment, ensure that colleges and the governments of localities where they are located provide employment services to these students on an ongoing basis, and expand recruitment to primary-level service projects.
We will provide assistance and employment services for demobilized military personnel. We will adopt a policy to see rural migrant workers have equal access to employment services in the cities where they work. We will assist people with disabilities, zero-employment families, and other groups facing difficulty in securing work.
There are several hundred million workers, including casual laborers, in flexible employment in China. This year, low-income earners will be allowed to postpone the payment of their social insurance premiums, all employment-related government charges will be cancelled, and sites will be designated for mobile vendors.
We will finance skills training to stabilize and expand employment, step up market-oriented skills training, and encourage work-based training and the joint development and sharing of vocational training centers. This year and next, more than 35 million vocational skills training opportunities will be provided, and enrollment in vocational colleges will grow by 2 million. This will help more people improve their skills and secure jobs.
四、依靠改革激发市场主体活力，增强发展新动能
IV．Energizing market entities through reform and strengthening new drivers of growth
困难挑战越大，越要深化改革，破除体制机制障碍，激发内生发展动力。
The greater the difficulties and challenges we face, the more important it is for us to go further in reform, get rid of institutional barriers, and boost internal forces driving development.
深化“放管服”改革。在常态化疫情防控下，要调整措施、简化手续，促进全面复工复产、复市复业。推动更多服务事项一网通办，做到企业开办全程网上办理。放宽小微企业、个体工商户登记经营场所限制，便利各类创业者注册经营、及时享受扶持政策。支持大中小企业融通发展。完善社会信用体系。以公正监管维护公平竞争，持续打造市场化、法治化、国际化营商环境。
We will press ahead with reforms to streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services.
While continuing to implement routine covid-19 control, we will adjust relevant measures and simplify procedures to boost the resumption of work, production, and business activities. We will work to see our people are able to access more government services via a single website and complete all procedures for starting a business online. Location restrictions on business registration applying to micro and small enterprises and self-employed people will be relaxed, and entrepreneurs of all types will find it easier to register and start a business and access timely policy support. We will support enterprises of all sizes in pursuing development through collaboration with each other. We will improve the social credit system. We will conduct impartial regulation to ensure fair competition, and make sustained efforts to create a market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized business environment.
推进要素市场化配置改革。推动中小银行补充资本和完善治理，更好服务中小微企业。改革创业板并试点注册制，发展多层次资本市场。强化保险保障功能。赋予省级政府建设用地更大自主权。促进人才流动，培育技术和数据市场，激活各类要素潜能。
We will advance reforms to promote market-based allocation of production factors.
We will encourage small and midsized banks to replenish capital and improve governance, so that they can better serve MSMEs. We will reform the ChiNext stock market and pilot a registration-based IPO system; we will develop multi-tiered capital markets. The role of insurance in protecting against risks will be strengthened. Provincial-level government will be given more power to approve land use for construction projects. We will boost the flow of human resources, foster technology and data markets, and thus unleash the potential of all types of production factors.
提升国资国企改革成效。实施国企改革三年行动。健全现代企业制度，完善国资监管体制，深化混合所有制改革。基本完成剥离办社会职能和解决历史遗留问题。国企要聚焦主责主业，健全市场化经营机制，提高核心竞争力。
We will improve the performance of state capital and SOE reforms.
We will launch a three-year action plan for SOE reform. We will improve the modern corporate structure of SOEs and the system of state capital regulation, and intensify mixed ownership reform. We will basically complete the task of relieving SOEs of the obligations to operate social programs, and resolve their other longstanding problems. SOEs should focus on their main responsibilities and businesses, establish sound market-oriented operating mechanisms, and increase their core competitiveness.
优化民营经济发展环境。保障民营企业平等获取生产要素和政策支持，清理废除与企业性质挂钩的不合理规定。限期完成清偿政府机构、国有企业拖欠民营和中小企业款项的任务。构建亲清政商关系，促进非公有制经济健康发展。
We will foster an enabling environment for the development of the private sector.
We will see that private businesses have equal access to production factors and policy support. We will review relevant regulations to abolish those that unfairly differentiate enterprises according to form of ownership. Deadlines will be set for government bodies and SOEs to make overdue payments owed to private and small and medium businesses. We will foster a cordial and clean relationship between government and business and promote the healthy development of the non-public sector.
推动制造业升级和新兴产业发展。支持制造业高质量发展。大幅增加制造业中长期贷款。发展工业互联网，推进智能制造，培育新兴产业集群。发展研发设计、现代物流、检验检测认证等生产性服务业。电商网购、在线服务等新业态在抗疫中发挥了重要作用，要继续出台支持政策，全面推进“互联网+”，打造数字经济新优势。
We will encourage the upgrading of manufacturing and the growth of emerging industries.
We will support high-quality development of manufacturing. We will markedly increase medium- and long-term loans to manufacturers. We will promote the industrial internet, boost smart manufacturing, and foster clusters of emerging industries. We will develop producer services such as research, development and design, modern logistics, inspection, testing and certification. New forms of business such as e-commerce, online shopping, and online services have played an important role during the covid-19 response and more policies will be introduced in support of such businesses. We will advance Internet Plus initiatives across the board and create new competitive strengths in the digital economy.
提高科技创新支撑能力。稳定支持基础研究和应用基础研究，引导企业增加研发投入，促进产学研融通创新。加快建设国家实验室，重组国家重点实验室体系，发展社会研发机构，加强关键核心技术攻关。发展民生科技。深化国际科技合作。加强知识产权保护。改革科技成果转化机制，畅通创新链，营造鼓励创新、宽容失败的科研环境。实行重点项目攻关“揭榜挂帅”，谁能干就让谁干。
We will boost our capacity to support technological innovation.
We will provide stable support for basic research and application-oriented basic research, encourage enterprises to increase investment in R&D, and facilitate collaborative innovation by firms, universities and research institutes. We will accelerate the development of national laboratories, restructure the system of key national laboratories, and develop private R&D institutions. We will make greater efforts to achieve breakthroughs in core technologies in key areas, and promote the development of technologies that improve quality of life.
We will intensify international cooperation on science and technology. Intellectual property protection will be strengthened. We will reform the mechanisms for applying scientific and technological achievements, ensure unimpeded flows in innovation chains, and create an enabling environment that encourages innovation and tolerates failure. We will introduce an open competition mechanism to select the best candidates to lead key research projects.
深入推进大众创业万众创新。发展创业投资和股权投资，增加创业担保贷款。深化新一轮全面创新改革试验，新建一批双创示范基地，坚持包容审慎监管，发展平台经济、共享经济，更大激发社会创造力。
We will continue to encourage business startups and innovation nationwide.
We will support the growth of venture capital and equity investment and increase guaranteed loans for startups. To further unleash the creativity of various sectors, we will launch a new round of pilot reforms for making innovations across the board, build more innovation and entrepreneurship demo centers, continue accommodative and prudential regulation, and develop the platform economy and the sharing economy.
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